See berkan on Wiktionary
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},
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},
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"name": "der"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"word": "barkô<"
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"name": "der"
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},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to sputter, grumble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "burgžêt",
"t": "to purr"
},
"expansion": "Latvian burgžêt (“to purr”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "borka",
"t": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian borka (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barkô",
"t": "throat, larynx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkô (“throat, larynx”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρυγξ",
"t": "pharynx"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx, “pharynx”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; Kroonen suggests derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to bark, make sharp noise”), and compares Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to sputter, grumble”), Latvian burgžêt (“to purr”). He additionally suggests relation to Icelandic berkja (“to boast”), Norwegian borka (“to boast”).\nProto-Germanic *barkô (“throat, larynx”) (whence Icelandic barki (“windpipe”)) is also adduced by Kroonen, who doubts its relation to Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx, “pharynx”), though this is disputed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "berkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "berkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "berku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "burkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "burkud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "burkun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "burkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "burkīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "burkīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "burkīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "berkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*berkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/berkan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "disputed",
"translation": "disputed",
"word": "barkô<"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "borcian"
},
{
"word": "burkōn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Animal sounds"
],
"glosses": [
"to bark"
],
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "berkan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for berkan meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.